ABSTRACT
This article reviews the possibility of using the Tinkercad Internet service for online study of the subjects connected with microprocessor systems. During the global coronavirus pandemic, online classes based on the Internet technologies have become virtually the only effective method of learning. However, while lectures can be taught successfully with the help of video conferences such as Zoom, Skype, Microsoft Teams, Google Meet etc., it is almost impossible to perform laboratory and practical work in the field of designing microprocessor systems with the help of these tools. Therefore, the authors suggest a new approach to practicums on the subjects related to microprocessor systems using tools of the Tinkercad Internet service. The existing methods and means of remote work with breadboard Arduino have been analyzed. The advantages of the Tinkercad Internet service in comparison with other tools of remote work have been disclosed. The service capability for microprocessor systems design has been considered. The article provides examples of elaborated lab works by means of the Tinkercad Internet service. Available capabilities and instruments in the system have been detailed. The process of learning based on the Tinkercad Internet service has been developed. Consequently, the use of the Tinkercad Internet service during e-learning gives the possibility to do lab works and microprocessor system design practicums without actual equipment, and the methods suggested by the authors assure the quality of students' awareness in this direction. The prospective direction of this Internet service application can be the design of 3D printing models and their use during e -learning of other subjects, in particular Physics (Electrics section), Theoretical Basics of Electrical Engineering (DC section), as well as other sciences related to electronic circuit design.
ABSTRACT
The aim of the study was to evaluate the histopathological changes in the lungs of patients who died of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in relation to the length of hospital stay. We evaluated lung autopsy material, autopsy reports, and death summaries of 39 patients who died of COVID-19. The length of hospital stay ranged from a few hours to 25 days. At all stages of the disease, lung alterations (desquamation of bronchial and alveolar epithelium), circulatory disorders (alveolar edema and hemorrhages, congestion in small blood vessels, thrombosis), compensatory response (fibrosis) were identified. The patients who died during the first week of hospitalization demonstrated predominant signs of circulatory disorders (alveolar edema, hyaline membranes, alveolar hemorrhages, congestion in small blood vessels). Fibrosis, usually not typical for the first week of acute respiratory distress syndrome, was detected in 46% of the deceased during the first week of hospitalization, which may be due to late hospitalization or patterns of fibrosis development in COVID-19. For those who died in the 2nd and 3rd weeks of hospitalization, the compensatory response and progression of fibrosis were noted. By the 3rd week, pulmonary fibrosis was detected in 91% of patients. Thrombotic complications (thrombosis, pulmonary artery thromboembolism) were observed in almost half of fatalities occurring during weeks 2-3. Hemorrhagic infarction was found in 43% (6 patients) who died during week 2 of hospitalization, three of them were diagnosed with pulmonary embolism, indicating progression of pulmonary vascular damage.